Lecture 4 Outline

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— filed under: Lecture 1 Outline, exiles, refugees

Outline of the 4th lecture in part one of the course. Part one of the course is entitled Latino Christianity in the United States.

Lecture #4--Exiles, Faith, and the Homeland: Exiles and Refugees

1. Cubans

Explain notion of “exile” – Cubans are not the only exiles, e.g. Mexicans during the Cristero Rebellion – of course, there is no clear cut line between immigrant and exile
3 stages of early Cuban exile in USA:
1. pre-1868 elite exiles, esp. in New York, e.g. P. Félix Varela, in USA from 1823-1853 (many early exiles not practicing Catholics or even opposed to the church due to its role in Cuban society under Spanish rule)
2. 1868-1878 Ten Years War (for Cuban independence) – refugees and cigar manufacturing became primary source of Cuban exiles – cigar manufacturing grew due to favorable tariffs (i.e. drove up price of cigars from Cuba) and few labor problems – Key West a cigar manufacturing boom town
3. late 19th and early 20th centuries, esp. for ongoing cigar manufacturing and before Cuban war of independence (1895-1898) – José Martí, father of Cuban independence in 1898 (arrived in New York in 1880, founded Partido Revolutionario Cubano and united exile community) – founding of Ybor City (1886) to avoid cigar unions

1959 Revolution – Fidel Castro – most Catholic leaders forced into exile
1980 Mariel boat lift
Have often received greater assistance and welcome than other Latino exiles and immigrants, but the degree of this help is sometimes exaggerated – Cubans have also suffered form discrimination
Statistically most highly educated and wealthy of all U.S. Latino groups
Organizations in exile:
1. Unión de Cubanos en el Exilio (1961) – founded by Bishop Boza Masvidal in Venezuela, various chapters in the USA
2. St. John Bosco parish (1963)
3. La Hermita de la Caridad del Cobre (1966, 1973)
4. Belén (originally founded in 1854) and LaSalle Schools
5. Agrupación Católica Universitaria (originally founded in 1931) – Acción Católica
6. St. Thomas University
7. Southeastern Pastoral Institute (SEPI, 1978) – Fr. Mario Vizcaíno
8. Christian Democratic Party of Cuba (1991) – response to fall of Berlin War and hope for imminent political changes in Cuba

Cuban bishops: Agustín Román, Enrique San Pedro, Felipe Estévez – have released various statements on Cuban exiles like the CRECED document
Miami Archdiocese has had some good outreach but also Americanization agenda, e.g. (Arch)Bishop Coleman Carroll
Santería/Afro-Cuban religions
Current efforts at reconciliation Island/Diaspora

2. Central Americans

Refugee vs. immigrant – many, but not all, are refugees
El Salvador – devastating civil war, Oscar Romero, four slain U.S. women, Jesuit martyrs and their companions
Guatemala – largest population in Central America, largest indigenous population among Central American countries – like El Salvador, huge numbers of refugees – devotion to Cristo Negro de Esquipulas
Nicaragua – Somoza/Sandinistas – during 1980s more favorable treatment than other Central American refugees because they were fleeing Communism – many have settled with Cubans in Miami
Panama, Honduras, Costa Rica, Belize (unlike other Central American countries, formerly a British possession)
Sanctuary Movement
Probably the third largest U.S. Latino group today, although “Central American” is an umbrella group rather than a specific nationality
Settlement pattern somewhat diffused, although there are centers, like Salvadorans in Los Angeles, Houston, and Washington, D.C.
Sometimes Chicanos take advantage of them (e.g. in El Norte)

3. Theological Reflection

Theology of exile
Tendency to emphasize ideological purity and greater dogmatism, good vs. evil, us vs. them
Theology of reconciliation

Copyright 2008, by the Contributing Authors. Cite/attribute Resource. smata. (2006, June 22). Lecture 4 Outline. Retrieved August 30, 2008, from Notre Dame OpenCourseWare Web site: http://ocw.nd.edu/theology/latino-theology-and-christian-tradition/Lecture%204%20Outline. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License.

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	Info Lecture 4 Outline Document Actions — filed under: Lecture 1 Outline, exiles, refugees Outline of the 4th lecture in part one of the course. Part one of the course is entitled Latino Christianity in the United States. Lecture #4--Exiles, Faith, and the Homeland: Exiles and Refugees 1. Cubans Explain notion of “exile” – Cubans are not the only exiles, e.g. Mexicans during the Cristero Rebellion – of course, there is no clear cut line between immigrant and exile 3 stages of early Cuban exile in USA: pre-1868 elite exiles, esp. in New York, e.g. P. Félix Varela, in USA from 1823-1853 (many early exiles not practicing Catholics or even opposed to the church due to its role in Cuban society under Spanish rule) 1868-1878 Ten Years War (for Cuban independence) – refugees and cigar manufacturing became primary source of Cuban exiles – cigar manufacturing grew due to favorable tariffs (i.e. drove up price of cigars from Cuba) and few labor problems – Key West a cigar manufacturing boom town late 19th and early 20th centuries, esp. for ongoing cigar manufacturing and before Cuban war of independence (1895-1898) – José Martí, father of Cuban independence in 1898 (arrived in New York in 1880, founded Partido Revolutionario Cubano and united exile community) – founding of Ybor City (1886) to avoid cigar unions 1959 Revolution – Fidel Castro – most Catholic leaders forced into exile 1980 Mariel boat lift Have often received greater assistance and welcome than other Latino exiles and immigrants, but the degree of this help is sometimes exaggerated – Cubans have also suffered form discrimination Statistically most highly educated and wealthy of all U.S. Latino groups Organizations in exile: Unión de Cubanos en el Exilio (1961) – founded by Bishop Boza Masvidal in Venezuela, various chapters in the USA St. John Bosco parish (1963) La Hermita de la Caridad del Cobre (1966, 1973) Belén (originally founded in 1854) and LaSalle Schools Agrupación Católica Universitaria (originally founded in 1931) – Acción Católica St. Thomas University Southeastern Pastoral Institute (SEPI, 1978) – Fr. Mario Vizcaíno Christian Democratic Party of Cuba (1991) – response to fall of Berlin War and hope for imminent political changes in Cuba Cuban bishops: Agustín Román, Enrique San Pedro, Felipe Estévez – have released various statements on Cuban exiles like the CRECED document Miami Archdiocese has had some good outreach but also Americanization agenda, e.g. (Arch)Bishop Coleman Carroll Santería/Afro-Cuban religions Current efforts at reconciliation Island/Diaspora 2. Central Americans Refugee vs. immigrant – many, but not all, are refugees El Salvador – devastating civil war, Oscar Romero, four slain U.S. women, Jesuit martyrs and their companions Guatemala – largest population in Central America, largest indigenous population among Central American countries – like El Salvador, huge numbers of refugees – devotion to Cristo Negro de Esquipulas Nicaragua – Somoza/Sandinistas – during 1980s more favorable treatment than other Central American refugees because they were fleeing Communism – many have settled with Cubans in Miami Panama, Honduras, Costa Rica, Belize (unlike other Central American countries, formerly a British possession) Sanctuary Movement Probably the third largest U.S. Latino group today, although “Central American” is an umbrella group rather than a specific nationality Settlement pattern somewhat diffused, although there are centers, like Salvadorans in Los Angeles, Houston, and Washington, D.C. Sometimes Chicanos take advantage of them (e.g. in El Norte) 3. Theological Reflection Theology of exile Tendency to emphasize ideological purity and greater dogmatism, good vs. evil, us vs. them Theology of reconciliation Copyright 2008, by the Contributing Authors. Cite/attribute Resource. smata. (2006, June 22). Lecture 4 Outline. Retrieved August 30, 2008, from Notre Dame OpenCourseWare Web site: http://ocw.nd.edu/theology/latino-theology-and-christian-tradition/Lecture%204%20Outline. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License.	Reuse Course Download this course or reuse in OpenOCW. Download this course Export into OpenOCW

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