Lecture 3 Handout
Glossary of Terms:
Era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs: 632-661 CE
Umayyad dynasty: 661-750
Mu‘awiya: first Umayyad ruler
Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem: built in 691
‘Abbasid dynasty: 750-1258
Al-Ma‘mun: famous ‘Abbasid caliph
Bayt al-Hikma: “House of Wisdom,” established in 830
Shari‘a: religious law
Hadith: a saying of the Prophet Muhammad
Mamluks: 1250-1517
Mongols
Battle of ‘Ayn Jalut: 1260
Crusaders
Ottomans: 1517-1924
Fall of Constantinople
Suleyman the Magnificent: ruled 1520-1566
Battle of Lepanto: 1571
Treaty of Karlowitz: 1699
Napoleon’s expedition to Egypt: 1798
Sykes-Picot Treaty: 1916
League of Nations: 1920
Kemal Ataturk: founder of modern republican Turkey
Gamal ‘Abd al-Nasser: nationalist leader of Egypt from 1956-1970 (d. 1970)


















